Longevity research
NAD+ has two jobs, and most protocols account for one
It is the central redox carrier of metabolism and separately the consumed substrate for sirtuins, PARPs and CD38. The second role is why NAD+ pools deplete.
2 min read
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Method notes · Standards thinking · Lab dispatches
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Notes from Pure North: method-level pieces on peptide chemistry, standards, and verification, plus the practical questions Canadian researchers actually run into.
66 of 66 articles, newest first.
Neuro research
Semax and Selank: two peptides, one structural trick
Both bolt Pro-Gly-Pro onto a short bioactive fragment to survive peptidases. What each one is derived from, and what the literature actually measures.
2 min read
Immune research
Thymosin alpha-1 vs beta-4: two confused peptides
They share a name and an origin tissue and almost nothing else. One is an immune signalling peptide, the other an actin-binding repair peptide.
2 min read
Metabolic research
Tirzepatide vs retatrutide: the receptor pharmacology
Comparing the dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist with the triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist: receptor targets, signalling bias, and why the third receptor changes the readout.
2 min read
Metabolic research
5-Amino-1MQ: NNMT-inhibition research overview
A research overview of 5-Amino-1MQ, a small-molecule NNMT inhibitor studied in metabolic and NAD+ pathways, with handling and verification notes for Canadian labs.
2 min read
Metabolic research
Cagrilintide: amylin-analog research overview
A research overview of cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analog studied for metabolic and appetite-signalling pathways, with handling notes for Canadian labs.
2 min read
Methods
Peptide reconstitution math: a worked example
A step-by-step worked example of peptide reconstitution math, turning a vial size and a target concentration into an exact diluent volume and syringe marking.
2 min read
Storage
Reconstituted peptide shelf life: the working window
How long a reconstituted research peptide stays usable, why the window shrinks once water is added, and how temperature and freeze-thaw cycles set the real expiry.
2 min read
Metabolic research
Survodutide: GLP-1/glucagon dual-agonist research overview
A research overview of survodutide, a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist studied in metabolic models, with COA-verification notes for Canadian labs.
2 min read
Verification
Verify a peptide COA lot number yourself
A do-it-yourself procedure for confirming a research peptide's certificate of analysis is real, matches the vial in your hand, and came from the lab named on it.
2 min read
Logistics / Shipping
Canadian peptide cold chain in winter
Why Canadian peptide cold chain is safer in winter, and the one mailbox-cycle scenario that can ruin a lot. A seasonal-shipping reference for labs.
5 min read
Methods / Stability
Freeze-thaw cycles and peptide stability
Quantitative reference on peptide activity across freeze-thaw cycles. How to aliquot, when stability matters, and why ice crystallization is the enemy.
5 min read
Verification / Methods
How to read an HPLC chromatogram on a batch COA
Line-by-line guide on interpreting a peptide HPLC chromatogram, retention time, peak area, impurity profile, and what ≥99% purity actually means.
6 min read
Methods / Reconstitution
Peptide carrier solvents: bacteriostatic, sterile, PBS, acetic-acid
Which carrier solvent for which peptide? A bench reference for Canadian labs choosing bacteriostatic water, SWFI, PBS, or acetic-acid buffer.
5 min read
Research journal
How to check a peptide supplier’s claims before ordering
Check original reports, sample references, company identity and written ordering terms without relying on a supplier ranking.
2 min read
Research journal
Compare peptide costs per labelled milligram
Compare the same molecular form and vial size, then account for documented testing and the delivered total.
2 min read
Research journal
Domestic dispatch versus importing research materials into Canada
Compare dispatch location, documentation and delivery terms without assuming domestic origin proves product quality.
2 min read
Metabolic research
Retatrutide and the rise of triagonist research peptides
Retatrutide combines GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor activation. The pharmacology, the structural design, and what reproducibility-focused labs should know.
2 min read
Canada
Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide: A Canadian Researcher's Comparison
Compare tirzepatide and semaglutide by sequence, receptor profile and laboratory research context, including their key mechanistic differences.
3 min read
Metabolic research
Canada GLP-1 research-peptide class comparison: Sema, Tirz, Reta, Cagri
A side-by-side data sheet of the four most-ordered metabolic peptides at Pure North, with HPLC purity and lot history references.
2 min read
Longevity research
NAD+ as a Metabolic-Aging Research Tool, Pathways and Protocols
NAD+ underpins the sirtuin family and >500 enzymatic reactions. Why it matters for aging-research labs and how to source verified material.
2 min read
Longevity research
FOXO4-DRI senolytic peptide, selective senescent-cell apoptosis
The Baar et al. 2017 paper, the dominant-interfering retro-inverso design, and what senolytic-research labs should know.
2 min read
Method note
Designing peptide stack research: blend ratios and reproducibility
When two peptides are studied together, the ratio matters for reproducibility. Why pre-blended vials beat post-mix at the bench, and what to verify on a…
3 min read
Cognitive research
PT-141 (bremelanotide), central melanocortin receptor agonism
MC3R/MC4R activation, the discovery of bremelanotide, and why it's a useful melanocortin reference standard.
4 min read
Compendium
Ipamorelin: selective ghrelin-receptor agonist research
Ipamorelin is a 5-residue selective ghrelin-receptor agonist with no measurable cortisol or prolactin activity. Sequence, mass, and class context.
3 min read
Reproductive research
Kisspeptin-10 and the GnRH pulse generator, reproductive endocrine research
The discovery of KISS1's role in puberty, GPR54 signaling, and what reproductive-research labs need from a verified reference standard.
2 min read
Method note
Why repeated freeze-thaw cycling breaks peptides
Peptide degradation accelerates with repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The mechanism, the typical magnitude, and how to design aliquoting workflows that avoid it.
3 min read
Longevity research
MOTS-c, the mitochondrial-derived peptide research toolkit
MOTS-c is encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. The discovery, AMPK activation pathway, and research applications.
2 min read
Compendium
Peptide naming conventions: codes, sequences, and trade names
Why the same peptide goes by BPC-157, Body Protection Compound 157, PL14736, and a sequence string. A reference guide to peptide naming for research…
3 min read
Longevity research
SS-31 (elamipretide) and cardiolipin, mitochondrial protection mechanism
Why this tetrapeptide accumulates 5,000× in mitochondria and what it means for mitochondrial-disease research models.
2 min read
Immune research
Thymosin Alpha-1 and innate immunity, a short history
Goldstein's 1977 isolation, dendritic-cell maturation modulation, and the role of Tα1 in immune-research models.
2 min read
Research journal
Endotoxin testing and HPLC answer different questions
What the absence of an endotoxin result means when reading Pure North’s published HPLC-UV reports.
2 min read
Cosmetic research
GHK-Cu and skin-research mechanism, copper signaling explained
GHK-Cu is the most-cited copper-binding research tripeptide. The mechanism, common assays, and storage best-practices.
2 min read
Standards thinking
HPLC vs LC-MS for peptide identity verification
HPLC purity tells you what fraction is your peptide; LC-MS tells you whether it's the right peptide. Both are needed and they answer different questions.
2 min read
Growth research
CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin Stack, Pharmacology and Reconstitution
Why this is the most-published growth-axis combination and how to source HPLC-verified vials in Canada with ~4 days shipping.
2 min read
Method note
Why molecular weight matters for peptide research
Mass spectrometry confirms peptide identity to within 0.5 Da. Why that precision matters, what mass shifts mean, and common +22 Da, +16 Da, +42 Da signatures.
3 min read
Comparison / Healing Class
BPC-157 vs TB-500: how the two recovery-class peptides actually differ.
How BPC-157 and TB-500 differ in sequence, molecular structure, and research applications. A side-by-side reference guide for Canadian laboratories.
5 min read
Method note
Peptide receptor-binding assays: a short primer
How peptide affinity at a receptor is measured: cAMP, β-arrestin recruitment, and competition binding. A primer for researchers selecting an assay platform.
3 min read
Healing research
BPC-157 reconstitution protocol, Canadian researcher's quick reference
How to reconstitute BPC-157 vials with sterile bacteriostatic water for in-vitro research. Pure North Peptides published protocol.
2 min read
Method note
Lyophilization 101 for research peptides
How peptides are lyophilized, why it matters for shelf life, and what to look for in the cake's appearance to spot a flawed cycle.
3 min read
Canada
BPC-157 in Canada: A Researcher's Buyer Guide
BPC-157 reference standards in Canada, sequence, purity targets, dose tiers, and what to verify before placing a research order. Ships across Canada.
2 min read
Standards thinking
Reading a peptide Certificate of Analysis: field by field
Read a published Retatrutide 20 mg COA: sample reference, area purity, measured content, fill accuracy and the limits of the reported tests.
3 min read
Method note
Peptide solubility troubleshooting: when your vial won't dissolve
Insoluble peptide vials usually trace to one of four causes. A diagnostic walk-through for sequence-driven solubility failures and how to recover stuck…
3 min read
Research Primer / BPC-157
What is BPC-157?
BPC-157 explained for Canadian research teams: origin, sequence, purity standards, and how to source HPLC-verified BPC-157 in Canada.
3 min read
Method note
Bacteriostatic water vs sterile water for peptide reconstitution
Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) preserves reconstituted peptide for 28 days; sterile water is single-use only. The chemistry, the trade-off, and…
3 min read
Method note
Why insulin syringes for peptide reconstitution and dosing research
Insulin syringes (0.3 mL / 0.5 mL / 1.0 mL) are the standard for peptide reconstitution and aliquoting. Calibration, units, and choosing the right size.
2 min read
Compendium
IGF-1 LR3: long-arginine-3 IGF-1 analog for muscle research
IGF-1 LR3 is a 83-residue synthetic IGF-1 analog with N-terminal extension and Arg3 substitution that reduces IGFBP binding. Sequence, mass, and quality…
3 min read
QA research
HPLC area purity: why a percentage is not a complete specification
Understand HPLC area purity, the stated report specification and measured content without treating one percentage as proof of every property.
2 min read
Compendium
LL-37: cathelicidin antimicrobial-peptide research notes
LL-37 is the 37-residue active fragment of human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein. Synthesis challenges, quality targets, and use in in-vitro membrane…
2 min read
Compendium
KPV: tripeptide α-MSH fragment for inflammation research
KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Sequence, mass, and quality criteria for in-vitro anti-inflammatory pathway research.
2 min read
Research journal
What to request in a Canadian peptide documentation package
A procurement checklist for the original report, sample reference, analytical scope and supporting information.
2 min read
Canada
Research Peptides and Canadian Customs: What You Need to Know
How CBSA handles research peptide shipments at the Canadian border, why imports are increasingly seized, and how domestic sourcing eliminates the risk.
3 min read
Compendium
Epithalon: tetrapeptide for telomerase and longevity research
Epithalon (AEDG) is a synthetic tetrapeptide investigated in published telomerase-activity and longevity research. Sequence, mass, and quality criteria.
3 min read
Compendium
Pinealon: short peptide bioregulator for longevity research
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) studied in pineal-gland and longevity research. Sequence, mechanism hypotheses, and quality criteria.
3 min read
Canada
PIPEDA-Compliant Peptide Ordering in Canada
How Pure North Peptides handles customer data under PIPEDA, Canadian data residency, retention, your rights, and why this matters when ordering research peptides.
3 min read
Compendium
Semax: ACTH-derived cognitive research peptide overview
Semax is a heptapeptide based on ACTH residues 4-10 with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension. Sequence, origin, and what HPLC-verified labs need for in-vitro CNS…
2 min read
Payments research
Why Canadian Research-Supply Orders Work Better with Interac e-Transfer Than Wire
Settlement speed, Canadian-only protection, and why we accept Interac alongside crypto for research peptide orders.
2 min read
Compendium
Selank: anxiolytic peptide research notes
Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the immunomodulator tuftsin. Mechanism hypotheses, sequence, and what HPLC-verified labs need for in-vitro…
2 min read
Compendium
AOD-9604: HGH fragment 176-191 for lipolysis research
AOD-9604 is the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone with retained lipolytic activity. Synthesis, purity targets, and what to know for in-vitro…
2 min read
Compendium
Sermorelin: GHRH 1-29 reference standard for growth-axis research
Sermorelin is the truncated 29-residue active fragment of GHRH. What that truncation means for affinity, half-life, and research-model selection.
2 min read
Canada
Peptide Reconstitution: Canadian Researcher's Reference Guide
How to reconstitute lyophilized research peptides correctly using bacteriostatic or sterile water. Volumes, technique, storage after reconstitution.
3 min read
Method note
CJC-1295 with vs without DAC: half-life implications for research
DAC (drug affinity complex) lipidation extends CJC-1295's half-life from minutes to days. Why that matters for in-vitro and in-vivo research design.
3 min read
Compendium
Tesamorelin: GHRH analog reference-standard guide
Tesamorelin is a stabilized 44-residue GHRH analog. Sequence, lipid attachment, and what HPLC-verified labs need to know to source and store it for research.
3 min read
Storage / Reference
Peptide storage: the temperature guide for research-grade reference standards.
How to store lyophilized peptide reference standards correctly: −20°C vs −80°C vs refrigerated. Shelf life and freezer recommendations…
5 min read
Compendium
Tirzepatide reference standard: a research overview for Canadian labs
Tirzepatide is a 39-residue dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist. Sequence, half-life implications, and what to verify on a Canadian COA before research use.
3 min read
Research journal
Before ordering research peptides in Canada: a practical checklist
Prepare the compound, form, vial size and documentation questions before placing a Canadian research-material order.
2 min read
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